What histological finding is indicative of severe cellular dysplasia?

Severe cellular dysplasia is characterized by significant alterations in cellular architecture and function, particularly in the nuclei of the cells. The presence of abnormal nuclear morphology is crucial as it indicates changes such as hyperchromasia, irregular nuclear contours, and variations in nuclear size. Additionally, an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is often noted, reflecting a relative reduction in the cytoplasmic component compared to an enlarged nucleus, a common feature in dysplastic cells. Together, these findings signify dysregulation of normal cell growth and differentiation, which are hallmark characteristics of severe cellular dysplasia.

In contrast, a decreased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, normal nuclear morphology, and the simple presence of mitotic figures alone do not adequately characterize severe dysplasia. Decreased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios typically indicate more benign conditions, while normal nuclear morphology would suggest a lack of dysplastic changes. The presence of mitotic figures may be seen in various contexts and does not specifically indicate severe dysplasia unless accompanied by other dysplastic features. Thus, the combination of abnormal nuclear morphology and an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is what firmly points to severe cellular dysplasia.