What is a key histopathological feature of a cystic fibrosis lung biopsy?

A key histopathological feature of a cystic fibrosis lung biopsy is the presence of mucus obstruction in the airways. In cystic fibrosis, mutations in the CFTR gene lead to the production of thick, viscous mucus that cannot be cleared effectively from the airways. This blockage results in the accumulation of mucus, which creates an environment conducive to chronic infections and inflammation.

The obstruction causes various secondary effects, including the formation of bronchiectasis, where the airways become abnormally enlarged due to the chronic obstruction and infection. The thick mucus traps pathogens, leading to persistent inflammation and damage to the airway epithelium, which ultimately perpetuates the cycle of infection and further obstructive disease.

Recognizing mucus obstruction as a hallmark of cystic fibrosis is crucial for understanding the underlying pathology and guiding treatment approaches for affected individuals.