What is considered less toxic and safer for sterilization compared to ethylene oxide?

Propylene oxide is considered less toxic and safer for sterilization compared to ethylene oxide due to its lower mutagenic potential and better overall safety profile when handling and disposing of sterilization agents. While ethylene oxide is effective for sterilization, it poses significant hazards, including carcinogenic risk and the potential for irritation to the respiratory system. Propylene oxide, on the other hand, is recognized for its effective sterilizing properties while presenting a more manageable risk to health and safety, making it a preferred option in certain contexts.

Contextually, other substances listed may have their own applications in sterilization but do not match the safety profile of propylene oxide. Acetonitrile is not typically used for sterilization due to its toxicity and potential danger. Formaldehyde, while effective, has known health risks, including respiratory irritation and potential carcinogenic effects. Alcohol is primarily used as a disinfectant rather than a sterilizing agent, and while effective against many microorganisms, it does not provide the same spectrum of sterilization as propylene oxide. Thus, propylene oxide stands out as a safer alternative in sterilization processes.