What is the common term for the study of abnormal cells?

The study of abnormal cells is commonly referred to as cytopathology. This branch of pathology focuses on the examination of cellular changes and abnormalities that may indicate disease, particularly cancer. Cytopathologists analyze samples of cells collected from various body sites, such as fine needle aspirations, pap smears, and other cytological specimens. By evaluating these isolated cells, they can identify characteristics that are indicative of neoplasia, infection, or other pathological conditions.

While cytogenetics deals with the study of chromosomes and genetic abnormalities, it does not primarily focus on the morphology or function of individual cells. Histopathology involves the examination of tissue samples rather than isolated cells, although it can provide context for cell abnormalities through the evaluation of the tissue structure. Oncology, while concerned with cancer and the study of tumors, encompasses a broader range of topics beyond just the cellular level, including treatment and patient management.

Thus, cytopathology is accurately described as the field specifically dedicated to understanding and diagnosing diseases through the study of abnormal cells.