What is the role of immunohistochemistry in histopathology?

Immunohistochemistry plays a pivotal role in histopathology by enabling the detection of specific antigens in tissue samples using antibodies. This method involves the application of antibodies that are specifically designed to bind to these antigens, allowing for the visualization of protein expression and localization within the histological context of the tissue.

By using immunohistochemical techniques, pathologists can identify cellular components and differentiate between various types of tissues, tumors, and inflammatory processes. It also aids in characterizing tumor types and can be crucial for making diagnoses, guiding treatment decisions, and assessing prognosis, especially in cases such as cancers where the expression of certain proteins correlates with clinical outcomes.

This capability to validate and visualize distinct biomarkers makes immunohistochemistry an essential tool in modern diagnostic pathology, contributing significantly to our understanding of disease mechanisms and enhancing patient management through tailored therapies.